HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, is a core technology of the web, making it essential for anyone aspiring to be a web developer. For freshers, having a strong foundation in HTML is crucial. In this blog, we cover key HTML interview questions and answers tailored for beginners, starting with the basics like its definition, history, and important concepts. Whether you’re new to web development or refreshing your knowledge, these questions will help you kickstart your career effectively.
Basic HTML Interview Questions
1. What is HTML, and why do we use it?
HTML is the short form for HyperText Markup Language; it is used to format content to be placed on the web. It aids in the arrangement of the text, image, link and multimedia object in a webpage.
2. What is an HTML tag?
HTML tags are the building blocks of a webpage. Tags, like <p> for paragraphs, usually have an opening and a closing part.
3. What are the main components of an HTML document?
An HTML document has these key components:
<!DOCTYPE html>declaration<html>tag (root element)<head>tag (for meta information, title, and links)<body>tag (for the visible content of the webpage)
4. What is the difference between an HTML element and a tag?
A tag is the markup used to define an element, while an element includes the tag and the content inside it. For example:<p>This is an HTML element.</p>
5. What are block-level elements in HTML?
Block-level elements, like <div>, <p>, and <h1>, take up the full width of their container and always start on a new line.
6. What are inline elements in HTML?
Inline elements, like <span>, <a>, and <em>, only take up as much width as needed and stay within the flow of surrounding content.
7. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?
You can create a hyperlink using the <a> tag:<a href="https://example.com">Click here</a>
8. What is the purpose of the alt attribute in an image tag?
The alt attribute provides alternative text for images, enhancing accessibility and displaying text if the image fails to load.
9. How do you create a list in HTML?
HTML supports two types of lists:
- Ordered List (
<ol>):<ol> <li>First item</li> <li>Second item</li> </ol> - Unordered List (
<ul>):<ul> <li>First item</li> <li>Second item</li> </ul>
10. What is the difference between <div> and <span>?<div> is a block-level element for larger content grouping, whereas <span> is an inline element used for styling or grouping inline content.
Intermediate HTML Interview Questions
11. What are semantic elements in HTML?
Semantic elements like <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <section> clearly describe their purpose to both the browser and developers, improving readability and accessibility.
12. What is the purpose of the DOCTYPE declaration in HTML?
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration tells the browser which version of HTML is being used, ensuring proper rendering of the webpage.
Also Read: Best Bootstrap Interview Questions: Prepare Like a Pro!
13. What is an HTML entity?
HTML entities represent special characters that have reserved meanings in HTML. For example, < stands for < and & stands for &.
14. What is the role of the <meta> tag in HTML?
The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document, such as the character set, author, description, and mobile responsiveness (via viewport settings).
15. How do you create a table in HTML?
You can create a table using the <table> tag with <tr> (table row), <td> (table data), and <th> (table header). Example:
<table> <tr> <th>Header 1</th> <th>Header 2</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Data 1</td> <td>Data 2</td> </tr> </table>
16. What do HTML attributes do, and how do you use them?
Attributes provide extra information about an element. They go inside the opening tag. For example, href in <a> and src in <img> serve specific purposes.
17. What is the difference between internal, external, and inline CSS in HTML?
- Internal CSS: Styles are placed within the
<style>tag inside the<head>. - External CSS: Styles are linked from an external stylesheet using the
<link>tag. - Inline CSS: Styles are applied directly inside the
styleattribute of an element.
18. How do you embed a video in HTML5?
HTML5 enables video embedding with the <video> tag:
<video controls> <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4"> Your browser does not support the video tag. </video>
19. What is the <iframe> element in HTML?
The <iframe> tag embeds another HTML document within the current webpage, often used to embed YouTube videos or other sites.
20. What is the purpose of the data-* attribute in HTML5?
The data-* attribute stores custom data that can be accessed via JavaScript. It embeds data without altering the page’s structure or presentation.
Advanced HTML Interview Questions
21. What is the difference between HTML and XHTML?
HTML is more lenient with syntax, while XHTML follows stricter rules such as proper tag nesting, lowercase elements, and mandatory closing tags.
22. What are ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) attributes in HTML?
ARIA attributes improve accessibility by providing additional context for assistive technologies. For instance, aria-label describes elements for screen readers.
23. What is the purpose of the defer and async attributes in the <script> tag?
- defer: Ensures the script runs after the HTML has fully loaded.
- async: Loads the script asynchronously, allowing the page to load simultaneously.
24. How do you improve the SEO of a webpage using HTML?
You can enhance SEO by using semantic elements, a proper heading hierarchy (like <h1>, <h2>), meta tags, and descriptive alt text for images.
25. What do you understand by lazy loading and how can it be accomplish in HTML?
By definition, lazy loading loads images and resources after they are required in a given screen. You can implement this with the loading="lazy" attribute in images:
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Lazy loaded image" loading="lazy">
Conclusion
The biggest problem that Freshers face is to guess the types of questions they will face in web development interviews. However, passing the best HTML interview questions will make you have the knowledge that you will need to answer any interview question. Explaining the fundamental aspects of HTML encompasses main headings, document type declaration, DOCTYPE and HTML versions, html elements such as head and body, meta element, link media type, script and style elements all the way to semantic elements and aria attributes among the great many other aspects of HTML explained in this guide.
In this article, we provided a complete list of questions to help you prepare for the HTML interview whether you are a beginner or take some time to refresh your memory. Give it a trial and it would be important to know how to solve each answer of these examples to be on the right course of job interview.
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